Challenges and principled responses to privacy protection from biometric technology in China

Biometric technology has transformed human biological characteristics into a new form of privacy, and the misuse of this technology poses challenges to protecting this new privacy. This article initially defines biometric technology and biometric characteristics, further demonstrating why biometric characteristics belong to personal privacy and how biometric technology poses challenges to its protection. Through analysis, this article argues that the essence of these challenges is the conflicts between the ethical principle of privacy protection and the ethical principle of maximizing social benefits. In order to address these challenges, it is necessary first to weigh the fundamental ethical principles. The two basic principles of privacy protection and maximizing social benefits are not mutual antagonism but hierarchy, and this hierarchy should be based on the principle of practical feasibility. That is, applying biometric technology should first meet the principle of practical feasibility and, on this premise, realize the principle of maximizing social benefits based on not infringing on the principle of privacy protection.

La tecnología biométrica ha transformado las características biológicas humanas en una nueva forma de privacidad, y el uso indebido de esta tecnología plantea desafíos a su protección. En este artículo se define inicialmente la tecnología biométrica y las características biométricas; se demuestra además por qué las características biométricas pertenecen a la privacidad personal y cómo la tecnología biométrica plantea retos para su protección. Este artículo argumenta que la esencia de estos retos es el conflicto entre el principio ético de protección de la privacidad y el de maximización de los beneficios sociales. Para abordar estos retos es necesario sopesar primero los principios éticos fundamentales. Los dos principios básicos de protección de la privacidad y maximización de los beneficios sociales no son antagónicos, sino jerárquicos, y esta jerarquía debe basarse en el principio de viabilidad práctica. Es decir, la aplicación de la tecnología biométrica debe cumplir primero el principio de viabilidad práctica y, a partir de esta premisa, realizar el principio de maximización de los beneficios sociales sobre la base de no infringir el principio de protección de la intimidad.

A tecnologia biométrica transformou as características biológicas humanas em uma nova forma de privacidade, e o mal uso dessa tecnologia apresenta desafios para proteger essa nova privacidade. Esse artigo inicialmente define tecnologia biométrica e características biométricas, demonstrando posteriormente por que características biométricas pertencem à privacidade pessoal e como tecnologia biométrica coloca desafios à sua proteção. Através de análise, esse artigo discute que a essência desses desafios é o conflito entre o princípio ético da proteção da privacidade e o princípio ético de maximizar benefícios sociais. De forma a visar esses desafios é necessário primeiro ponderar os princípios éticos fundamentais. Os dois princípios básicos de proteção da privacidade e de maximizar benefícios sociais não são mutuamente antagônicos mas hierárquicos, e essa hierarquia deve ser baseada no princípio da viabilidade prática. Isso é, aplicar tecnologia biométrica deve primeiro atender ao princípio da viabilidade prática e, nessa premissa, compreender o princípio de maximizar benefícios sociais com base em não infringir o princípio de proteção da privacidade.

Prognostic significance of microRNA-20a-5p levels which promotes proliferation and invasion by targeting cyclin G2 in small cell lung cancer

MicroRNA-20a-5p (miR-20a-5p) has been shown to function as a tumor promoter factor in several cancers. However, its role in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) remains unclear. In this study, we have made an attempt to measure the tumor tissue levels of miR-20a-5p in patients with SCLC using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The biological function of miR-20a-5p in SCLC cells was investigated in vitro and in vivo studies, including cell proliferation, migration assays and tumorigenicity in nude mice. Meanwhile?we conducted the luciferase reporter assay to verify the biological relationship between miR-20a-5p and CCNG2. The expression of miR-20a-5p was significantly upregulated in human SCLC compared to that in normal tissues. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that patients with high expression of miR-20a-5p are closely related with the shorter survival of SCLC. Further, multivariate analysis showed that miR-20a-5p was an independent prognostic factor. Increasing miR-20a-5p expression promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion of the NCI-H446 cells in vitro and in vivo. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay demonstrated that miR-20a-5p directly targets CCNG2. These findings suggest that miR-20a-5p levels might be a novel diagnostic and prognostic marker of SCLC. Inhibiting miR-20a-5p could be a promising therapeutic strategy for SCLC.

Characteristics of viral shedding in people infected with SARS-CoV-2 during difference stages / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Viral shedding of SARS-CoV-2 is a continuous dynamic process, which can be divided into latent stage, initial stage, peak stage and decreasing stage according to the characteristics of viral shedding. After being infected with SARS-CoV-2, the infected person generally stays in the latent period for 1-3 days, which is characterized by continuous negative nucleic acid test results and no infectiousness, and the risk of infection for close contacts is very low. At the initial stage of viral shedding is characterized by a rapid decline in the Ct value of nucleic acid tests in a short time, and clinical symptoms gradually appear. The infectiousness of the infected person gradually increases during this period, and the risk of infection for close contacts also gradually increases, but it is still in the early stage of infection, the possibility of viral shedding is low, and the risk of infection of secondary close contacts is low. The peak of viral shedding is characterized by low Ct value in nucleic acid test and obvious clinical symptoms; during this period, the infected person is the most infectious, and the risk of infection of the contact is the highest, so the scope of close contacts should be expanded appropriately. The decreasing period is characterized by the gradual increase of Ct value of nucleic acid test and the gradual disappearance of clinical symptoms; during this period, the infectiousness of the infected person gradually decreases to disappear. In an outbreak, an infected person in the decreasing phase is more likely to be an early infected person in the transmission chain. If infected individuals in the decreasing phase are found in an area without a SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, it suggests that the local outbreak epidemic has been spreading for some time and may be larger in scale. According to the characteristics of viral shedding, risk personnel can be determined more scientifically and accurately, so as to minimize the risk and reduce the waste of epidemic prevention resources.

Polymorphisms of pvcrt-o and pvmdr1 genes of 48 Plasmodium vivax isolates from the China-Myanmar border / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective To detect the polymorphisms of drug resistance-related genes pvcrt-o and pvmdr1 of Plasmodium vivax in lazan city in the China-Myanmar border, in order to guide the treatment plan of Plasmodium vivax. Methods A total of 48 Plasmodium vivax samples were collected from Lazan in the China-Myanmar border in 2007, and fragments of pvcrt-o and pvmdr1 genes were amplified by PCR and sequenced. The sequences were aligned with the Salvador I (Sal-I) strain reference genome sequences to determine the presence of SNPs. Results The target fragments of pvcrt-o gene were amplified from 39 Plasmodium vivax samples, while pvmdr1 genes were amplified from 40 samples. Amongst them, 25 samples had AAG insertion before the 10th amino acid (K10 insertion) of pvcrt-o gene, accounting for 64.1%. Non-synonymous mutations were detected at three loci of pvmdr1 gene (T958M, Y976F, and F1076L), the mutation rates were 100%, 22.5%, and 55.0%, respectively. There were three haplotypes of pvmdr1 gene, of which the triple mutant 958M/976F/1076L accounted for 22.5% (9/40), the double mutant 958M/Y976/1076L accounted for 32.5% (13/40), and the single mutant 958M/Y976/F1076 accounted for 45.0% (18/40). The proportion of strains with pvcrt-o and pvmdr1 gene mutation is 63.16%, which is significantly different from those only with pvmdr1 mutation. Conclusions The proportion of pvcrt-o and pvmdr1 gene mutation of 48 Plasmodium vivax isolates is high in the China-Myanmar border, and there is a certain degree of correlation between the two gene mutations. To assess changes in Plasmodium vivax drug resistance in this region, it is required to improve the surveillance of these two molecular markers.

Co-occurrence trend of overweight,obesity and elevated blood pressure and its association with lifestyle factors among students in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the epidemiological trend of overweight and obesity, elevated blood pressure and their comorbidities in children and adolescents from Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region during 2016-2021, and to analyze its association with lifestyle, so as to provide reference for formulating prevention and control strategies of regional common comorbidities in schools.@*Methods@#A total of 8 908, 8 222, 9 448, 127 068, 100 778, and 138 540 students aged 10-18 years in Inner Mongolia were selected by stratified random cluster sampling in September each year from 2016 to 2021. Physical examination and questionnaire survey were conducted on the included students. The prevalence trends of overweight，obesity, elevated blood pressure and their co-occurrence were analyzed. Logistic regression was used to compare the prevalence of elevated blood pressure in different body mass index (BMI) groups. After excluding individuals without lifestyle information in 2021, Logistic regression analysis was used on 136 374 subjects to analyze the association between overweight，obesity, elevated blood pressure and their co-occurrence and lifestyle factors.@*Results@#During 2016 to 2021, the prevalence of comorbidity of overweight, obesity with elevated blood pressure among students in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were 5.04%，5.14%，4.99%，7.51%，7.60% and 9.45%， respectively . The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 26.94%, 28.07%, 29.62%, 34.19%, 36.71% and 37.53%, respectively. The prevalence of elevated blood pressure were 16.05%, 11.54%, 13.12%, 14.85%, 14.12% and 18.40%, respectively. Except for 2016, the risk of elevated blood pressure in overweight and obese people was higher than that in normal BMI group in other years, and there was a positive correlation between overweight and obesity and elevated blood pressure after gender and urban and rural areas ( P < 0.05 ). In 2021, the detection rate of comorbidity of overweight and obesity with elevated blood pressure among children and adolescents in urban areas was higher than that in suburban counties, and the reporting rate of healthy lifestyle was lower than that in suburban counties ( P <0.05).Skipping breakfast ( OR =1.11，95% CI =1.07-1.16) and non daily moderate and high intensity physical activity( OR =1.27，95% CI =1.20-1.34) were positively correlated with the co-occurrence of overweight，obesity and elevated blood pressure among children and adolescents in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Non daily moderate and high intensity physical activity ≥60 min was positively correlated with elevated blood pressure ( OR =1.11，95% CI =1.07-1.16), and insufficient sleep was positively correlated with overweight，obesity ( OR =1.04, 95% CI =1.01-1.06)（ P ＜0.05）.@*Conclusion@#The prevalence of overweight，obesity, elevated blood pressure and their co-occurrence among children and adolescents in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is relatively high. Overweight/obesity is an important risk factor for elevated blood pressure, and unhealthy lifestyles are risk factors for co-occurrence of overweight，obesity and elevated blood pressure. Region specific lifestyle interventions are indispensable for the prevention and control of regional common comorbidities. Urban areas may be a key focus for lifestyle interventions.

Co-occurrence trend and association study of Internet addiction and depressive symptoms among students in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the prevalence of Internet addiction and depression of students, and to analyze the co-occurrence and trend, so as to provide a theoretical basis for prevention and controlling measures of Internet addiction and depression.@*Methods@#A total of 6 317,7 152,81 808,71 180 and 89 932 students aged 10 to 24 years from 12 leagues (103 banners) in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were selected by stratified random cluster sampling in September each year from 2017 to 2021. The Internet Addiction Scale and the Central for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D) was used to measure Internet addiction and depression. And the annual inspection rate, group difference and annual change trend in students were calculated. Multivariate linear regression and restricted cubic spline analysis were used to estimate the linear and non linear associations between Internet addiction and depression in students.@*Results@#The Internet addiction proportion in students gradually decreased from 4.1% in 2017 to 2.1% in 2020, but increased to 3.9% in 2021. And the depressive symptoms proportion increased from 20.9% in 2017 to 28.0% in 2020 and 27.0% in 2021. The detection rate of Internet addiction and depression comorbidities remained at 1.8% to 2.5 %. The Internet addiction proportion in boys was higher than that in girls( χ 2=42.82， P <0.05). The depressive symptoms prevalence in girls was higher than that in boys( χ 2= 553.90， P <0.05). Taking reversal in prevalence of Internet addiction in urban and rural areas was observed in 2019. The detection rates of depressive symptoms and comorbidity were higher in urban areas than these in suburban counties on the whole, and the difference showed a trend of decreasing or even equalizing year by year. Internet addiction was positively correlated with depressive symptoms score ( B=1.67, 95%CI =1.64-1.71), the proportion of depressive symptoms ( OR=1.39, 95%CI =1.38-1.41) and the proportion of major depressive symptoms ( OR=1.35, 95%CI =1.33-1.36) among students in 2021 ( P <0.05). An N-shaped curve was found in the significant nonlinear associations between internet addiction and depression across sex, region and school stage.@*Conclusion@#Internet addiction and depression in students show significant linear and non-linear associations, which are consistent in different sexes, regions and school stages. Therefore, relevant measures should be made and implemented in each region, especially in suburb areas, so as to prevent the increasingly development of adolescents and children s Internet addiction and depression.

Preclinical anti-apoptotic properties of salidroside for hypoxic-ischemic cerebral damage: a systematic review and meta-analysis / 数字中医药（英文）

@#【Objective】   As the main active ingredient of Tibetan medicine Hongjingtian (Rhodiolae Crenulatae Radix et Rhizoma), salidroside (Sal) has a good anti-apoptotic potential. Currently, there are some conflicting results on the anti-apoptotic mechanisms of Sal. Here we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to provide the preclinical evidence of its anti-apoptotic properties in preventing and treating hypoxic-ischemic cerebral damage(HICD). 【Methods】   The literature on the anti-apoptotic potential of Sal in the treatment of HICD from January 1, 1980 to November 9, 2021 was searched online using Chinese databases including Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), and Wanfang Database, and English databases including PubMed and Web of Science. The quality of the included articles was evaluated by the Cochrane Collaboration network bias risk assessment criteria, and meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. 【Results】  A total of 40 articles were finally included. Among the 40 articles, 30 were about in vivo animal experiments and 17 about in vitro cell experiments, and 7 of them included both animal and cell experiments. After analysis, it was found that Sal had significant effects on disease-related indicators of HICD (P < 0.05), such as cerebral infarctsize and brain water content. As to in vivo studies, Sal mainly affects the expressions of apoptotic factors through antiinflammation, anti-oxidation, activation of complement pathway, and regulation of signal transduction and autophagy, thus exerting anti-apoptotic potential in treating HICD. While for in vitro studies, Sal plays the anti-apoptotic role in HICD models mainly through anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, reduction of Ca2+ overload, regulation of mitochondrial function, signal transduction, and C3 complement. 【Conclusion】  Sal can take anti-apoptotic effects to prevent and treat HICD through mechanisms such as anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, enhanced autophagy, complement and signal transduction, regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduction of Ca2 + overload.

Association between time spent on digital devices and body weight overestimation in children and adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the association between digital devices usage and body weight overestimation in children and adolescents aged 7-18, in order to provide a scientific basis for body weight overestimation prevention in children and adolescents.@*Methods@#Based on the data of the Research Special Project for Public Welfare Industry of Health using stratified cluster sampling method in 2012, a tatal of 40 073 children and adolescents from 7 provinces with complete information were chosen. Ordinal multivariable Logistic regression model estimated the association between digital devices usage and body weight overestimation.@*Results@#A total of 4 276(11.8%) students with overestimation of body weight were detected, who spent >300 min/d time in digital devices(5.12%) than others (3.84%)( χ 2=19.14, P <0.01). Univariate analysis showed that students with time spent on digital devices >300 min/d had a higher risk in overestimation of body weight ( OR=1.36,95%CI=1.18-1.57,P <0.01) compared with students who spent on digital devices≤120 min/d. There was still a significant association after confounder adjustment ( OR=1.28, 95%CI= 1.10-1.48,P <0.05). Stratified analysis showed that the association between digital devices usage and overestimation of body weight were only observed in girls, 11-18 years old and non single child( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The time usage of digital devices is associated with overestimation of body weight in children and adolescents. It may helpful for children and adolescents to prevent overestimation of body weight by reducing time spent on digital devices.

Research progress and clinical application of the visual functioning index / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Cataract surgery has moved from the era of anti-blindness surgery to the era of refractive surgery, and vision-related quality of life has become an important prognostic indicator for cataract surgery. Since indicators like visual acuity are difficult to describe the visual quality of patients in a panoramic view, the evaluation of visual function based on subjective experience has received attention in clinical and scientific research. The visual functioning index(VF-14)is the first scale applied to assess the visual function in cataract surgery, and is widely used internationally so far. This review presented the research history of VF-14, scrutinized its clinical applicability, and summarized the research and application of VF-14 in the assessment of visual function, evaluation of surgical efficacy, and postoperative follow-up from three groups of people with cataract, refractive discomforts, and other common ophthalmic diseases, aiming to provide a reference for the clinical application of the VF-14.

Evaluation of reliability and validity, and application on the Simplified Rating Questionnaire of Social Ecological Risks in Adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To develop a simplified Rating Questionnaire of Social Ecological Risks in Adolescents and to evaluate the reliability and predictive validity of the brief questionnaire, so as to provide data and evidence support for building the evaluation system of cumulative social ecological risk exposure.@*Methods@#A large cross sectional was conducted in eight areas, including Shenzhen, Zhengzhou, Xuzhou, Nanchang, Shenyang, Taiyuan, Kunming and Chongqing, from October to December 2021. A total of 22 868 adolescents were included in the analysis. Data on healthy behaviors from 10 838 adolescents from Shenyang, Taiyuan, Kunming, Chongqing were used for item selection, based on factor analysis, validity and reliability evaluation. The data from Shenzhen, Zhengzhou, Xuzhou, Nanchang, including 12 030 adolescents, were used to define the partition values of the brief questionnaire, and evaluate the predictive validity.@*Results@#The brief questionnaire containing 25-item were developed by analyzing and choosing all items of original questionnaire, and covered seven dimensions including individual, family, school, community, policy, time and culture. The cumulative contribution rate of variance was 54.95%, the Cronbach coefficient was 0.79, and the split half coefficient was 0.70. Participants in the higher risk group had significantly higher risk of smoking ( OR =4.05, 95% CI = 2.78 -5.92), drinking ( OR =3.47, 95% CI =2.86-4.19), suicidal ideation ( OR =8.85, 95% CI =7.68-10.21), suicidal plans ( OR = 8.85, 95% CI =7.27-10.78), suicidal attempt ( OR = 8.86 , 95% CI =6.67-11.78) than individual in the lower risk group ( P < 0.05). After stratified by gender, the above positive correlations still remained significant( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The brief questionnaire, with good reliability and predictive validity, could be widely applicated in the further researches on social ecological risk factors.

Current status and multidimensional influences on the comorbidity of obesity and high blood pressure among children in Xiamen City / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the current status of obesity and high blood pressure (HBP) comorbidity and their multidimensional influencing factors in children aged 7-12 years in Xiamen, so as to provide reference basis for subsequent preventive measures.@*Methods@#Based on the baseline survey of the Xiamen pubertal development cohort in 2017, a total of 4 798 primary school students from second to sixth grade were selected in the study by cluster random sampling method. And physical examination and questionnaires were conducted. The Logistic regression was used to screen potential variables for obesity combined with HBP. A multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyse the factors influencing obesity combined with HBP.@*Results@#About 9.15 % children were found with obesity and 11.65% with HBP. The rate of obesity combined with HBP was 3.00% in boys and 1.80 % in girls. The rate of HBP was 8.28% in normal weight children and 26.88% in obese children. Multivariate Logistic regression models showed that consumption of sugary drinks at least once a week ( OR =2.50), daily consumption of salted or pickled vegetables ( OR =4.52), family history of obesity ( OR =3.09) were positively associated with obesity combined with HBP ( P <0.05). Girls ( OR =0.53), consumption of highenergy snacks at least once a week ( OR =0.40) and adequate physical activity ( OR =0.58) were negatively associated with comorbidity of obesity and HBP ( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Gender differences in comorbidity burden of obesity and HBP exist among children aged 7-12 years in Xiamen. Dietary behaviour and exercise behaviour are the main dimensions influencing the comorbidity of obesity and HBP. Prevention and control of obesity and HBP in children should be based on multiple dimensions, including diet and exercise behavioural environment, to prevent early the occurrence for comorbidity of obesity and HBP in children.

Association between early life factors and cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the early life factors that influence cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents, so as to provide effective measures to curb cardiometabolic risk factors such as hypertension and diabetes in children and adolescents.@*Methods@#Data were sourced from the 2020 follow up survey of the Xiamen Adolescent Development Cohort. The study involved 1 197 subjects for whom completed anthropometric examination and blood biochemistry testing data, as well as early life data. Early life and sociodemographic data were obtained through questionnaire surveys, while cardiometabolic indicator data were sourced through physical examinations and blood testing. Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the impact of early life factors on the cardiometabolic risk factors after adjusting for gender, age, and family history.@*Results@#The prevalence rate of cardiometabolic risk factors clustering in children and adolescents in Xiamen was 17.96%, with boys (26.67%) reporting higher rates than girls (9.64%), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ 2=57.69, P <0.01). For every additional early life risk factor, the risk factors of obesity increased 0.35 times ( OR=1.35, 95%CI=1.03-1.78, P <0.05). Post term pregnancy may be a primary early life risk factors for cardiometabolic risk factors, and it was associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic risk factors clustering (OR=2.45, 95% CI =1.11-5.41) and high triglycerides ( OR=3.25, 95%CI =1.39-7.61)( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Increased cardiometabolic risk factors in youth is associated with early life adverse factors. It is crucial to pay greater attention to post term pregnancy as an early life factor and to consider obesity as a cardiometabolic risk factors. Controlling early life adverse factors is important for the prevention of cardiovascular disease.

Research progress of new isothermal amplification technology in rapid diagnosis of Plasmodium and other parasites / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: At present, nucleic acid detection technology based on the PCR principle is commonly used to detect malaria parasites, the existing Plasmodium detection methods mainly include microscopy, antigen immunoassay, and nucleic acid detection,but due to the long detection time, high personnel and equipment requirements, and other shortcomings, its popularization, and application at the grassroots level are limited. What challenges previous Plasmodium detection methods are the lack of experienced professionals and advanced equipment at the grassroots as well as the requirement of rapid detection of large samples under extreme conditions. The isothermal amplification technology developed in recent years has potential application prospects due to its simplicity, rapidity, high sensitivity, and high specificity. This article attempts to review the principles, characteristics, and prospects of various isothermal amplification technologies, and on this basis, focuses on the introduction of recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and recombinase⁃aided isothermal amplification (RAA) assay technologies and proposes the use of such recombinant enzyme amplification technologies to achieve rapid and accurate diagnosis of common Plasmodium species possibility and imagination.

Association between outdoor activity, screen time and the performance of 20 meter shuttle run test among children and adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze the relationship between outdoor activity, screen time and 20 meter shuttle run test (20 m SRT) score among children and adolescents in Baoan District, Shenzhen, so as to provide scientific basis for the management and promotion of physical health of children and adolescents.@*Methods@#Stratified cluster sampling was used to select students from 14 schools in 6 communities in Baoan District of Shenzhen, from April to May 2019. A self designed questionnaire was used to investigate demographic characteristics, outdoor activity duration and screen time of primary and middle school students. A total of 3 192 primary and secondary school students in grade 1-12 were selected from each school. Weight, height and 20 m SRT were measured.@*Results@#About 985(30.9%) out of 3 192 primary and middle school students were estimated excellent on 20 m SRT test, with boys being higher than that of girls (34.7% vs 26.3%) ( χ 2=26.43, P <0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the group with outdoor activity <2 h/d, the excellent and good performers on 20 m SRT with outdoor activity time ≥2 h/d was higher( OR=1.38, 95%CI =1.12-1.70). Compared with students with screen time ≥2 h/d, the excellent and good performers on 20 m SRT with screen time <2 h/d was higher( OR=1.42, 95%CI=1.17-1.71). Compared with students with outdoor activity time < 2 h/d and screen time ≥ 2 h/d, students with outdoor activity time ≥2 h/d and video time < 2 h/d had a higher proportion of excellent score on 20 m SRT( OR=1.97, 95%CI =1.46-2.67).@*Conclusion@#Increasing outdoor activity and reducing screen time are helpful to improve the performance score of 20 m SRT among primary and secondary school students.

Studies of Mucosal Irritation and Cellular Uptake Mechanisms of Xingnaojing Nanoemulsion

Abstract Xingnaojing (XNJ) injection was used to treat pneumonia and stroke in clinic in China, but with poor patient compliance. Xingnaojing nanoemulsion for intranasal delivery was developed to improve it. This article tried to evaluate the mucosal irritation of Xingnaojing nanoemulsion and investigate cellular uptake mechanism of its encapsulated lipophilic drugs. The toad palate model and rat nasal mucosa model were used to study the nasal ciliotoxicity and nasal mucosal irritation of nanoemulsion to evaluate its safety intranasally. The cellular uptake mechanism was studied by Calu-3 cell model. Coumarin 6 was encapsulated in nanoemulsion and the endocytic pathways were studied by cellular uptake experiments after being treated with different inhibitors. In toad palate model, the cilia movement of Xingnaojing nanoemulsion group last for 467.40 ± 39.02 min, which was obviously longer than deoxycholate group (90.60 ± 15.40 min). Studies on rats showed that the damage caused by nanemulsion is capable of being recovered. Nanoemulsion uptake was reduced obviously when cells were treated with wortmannin, and it also decreased about 13% when the temperature reduced from 37ºC to 4ºC. Mucosal irritation caused by nanoemulsion is low and the damage is recoverable. The cellular uptake of Xingnaojing nanoemulsion is energy-dependent, and macropinocytosis was the most important pathway for cellular uptake.

Application and analysis of psychological scale based on genetic algorithm in sports psychology / Aplicação e análise da escala psicológica baseada no algoritmo genético em psicologia desportiva / Aplicación y análisis de la escala psicológica basada en algoritmos genéticos en psicología deportiva

ABSTRACT With the rapid development and application of computer technology, the study of sports psychology is one of the major research tasks in current universities. The psychological scales need to be converted according to current computer technologies. Because the old-fashioned methods cannot meet the increasing demand, application of psychometric scale based on genetic algorithm in sports psychology is applied to construct the research model. Analytic hierarchy process is used to compare the weights of indicators. In the research mode of sports psychology, the auxiliary ability of college psychological scale is applied to improve the application of sports psychology ability.

RESUMO Com o rápido desenvolvimento e aplicação da tecnologia da computação, o estudo da psicologia esportiva é uma das principais tarefas de pesquisa nas universidades atuais. As escalas psicológicas precisam ser convertidas de acordo com as tecnologias da informação atuais. Tendo em vista que os métodos antigos não satisfazem a demanda crescente, aplica-se a escala psicométrica baseada no algoritmo genético no campo da psicologia esportiva para construir o modelo de pesquisa. Utiliza-se o processo de hierarquia analítica para comparar os pesos dos indicadores. No modo de pesquisa da psicologia esportiva, aplica-se a capacidade auxiliar da escala psicológica para melhorar a aplicação da psicologia esportiva.

RESUMEN Con el rápido desarrollo y la aplicación de la tecnología de la computación, el estudio de la psicología deportiva es una de las principales tareas de investigación en las universidades actuales. Las escalas psicológicas precisan ser convertidas de acuerdo con las tecnologías de la información actuales. Teniendo en vista que los métodos antiguos no satisfacen la demanda creciente, se aplica la escala psicométrica basada en el algoritmo genético en el campo de la psicología deportiva para construir el modelo de investigación. Se utiliza el proceso de jerarquía analítica para comparar los pesos de los indicadores. En el modo de investigación de la psicología deportiva, se aplica la capacidad auxiliar de la escala psicológica para mejorar la aplicación de la psicología deportiva.

Effects of parental rearing style on sleep problems in preschool children / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To examine the effects of parental rearing style and its consistency on sleep problems of preschool children and to provide theoretical basis for making early family intervention measures.@*Methods@#A questionnaire survey was conducted among 2 744 children and their parents in 19 kindergartens in Anqing city. Parental Behavior Inventory (PBI) was used to investigate the rearing style of parents, and Chinese version of Children s Sleep Habit Questionnaire (CSHQ) was used to evaluate the incidence of sleep among preschoolers.@*Results@#Preschool children s overall rate of sleep disorder was 15.5%, and accompanied by sleep duration disorder (70.0%), sleep resistance (64.2%), sleep latency (38.7%), anxiety (15.5%), daytime sleepiness ( 10.1 %). Living in urban areas, parents smoking and drinking behaviors, and parents parenting style all affected preschoolers sleep ( P <0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that fathers active rearing style was negatively correlated with preschool children s sleep problems such as delayed sleep impedance and short sleep duration, while mothers active rearing style was negatively correlated with preschool children s sleep problems such as sleep resistance and night wake up ( P <0.05). There was a positive correlation between father s severe rearing style and preschoolers sleep resistance, sleep duration, short sleep disordered breathing, daytime sleepiness and total sleep problems, and mother s severe rearing style and preschoolers sleep duration, short sleep anxiety, night wakefulness, daytime sleepiness and total sleep problems ( P <0.05). Consistent rate of negative rearing patterns was a risk factor for short sleep duration in preschoolers ( OR =2.19，95% CI =1.12-4.28， P =0.02).@*Conclusion@#The detection rate of sleep problems in preschoolers is high. Parental supportive involvement has a positive effect on preschoolers sleep, while parental coercion hostile parenting has a negative effect on preschoolers sleep. The consistent rate of rearing styles affects the sleep duration of preschoolers.

Clinical analysis of multi-disciplinary team management in the treatment of giant neurofibroma in maxillofacial and neck region / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @#To investigate the multi-disciplinary team (MDT) management in the treatment of giant neurofibroma in maxillofacial and neck region, to provide reference for clinical practice.@*Methods@#Retrospective analysis was conducted on the perioperative whole-process management process of 2 cases of giant neurofibroma in maxillofacial and neck region jointly formulated treatment plan by oral and maxillofacial surgery department with the assistance of the department of anesthesiology, ICU, vascular surgery, thoracic surgery, etc.@*Results@#MDT treatment process (anesthesia-embolization-collaborative surgery-ICU-post-operative management) of the two patients was smoothly conducted according to the pre-operative plan. There were no adverse events or accidents that were not predicted by the risk assessment from multiple teams during the operation, and no serious complications occurred after the operation. The post-operative pathological report of both cases was "neurofibroma". Wounds in both patients healed in stage I. The course of treatment was smooth, and the surgical treatment was completed without serious complications. @*Conclusion@# MDT management can play a positive role in the diagnosis and treatment of giant maxillofacial and neck neurofibroma so that patients can obtain safer and more effective diagnosis and treatment.

An investigation of bacillary dysentery outbreaks in three schools in Ankang / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate risk factors and epidemiological characteristics of bacillary dysentery outbreaks in three schools, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of the epidemic in the future.@*Methods@#Case definition was established. All suspected, possible and confirmed cases of all students and faculty members from 3 schools (A, B, C) were selected for epidemiological investigation. Control group was used for case-control analysis, and relevant samples were collected for laboratory testing.@*Results@#A total of 132 cases were found in 3 schools, all of which were from students, with the incidence rate of 17.74%. The morbidity in kindergarten A was 20.00%, in center primary school B it was 21.74%, and in junior middle school C it was 11.61%. Cohort studies and casecontrol studies suggested that schools are exposed places and that washing hands with raw water in schools was possible risk factor [OR(95%CI) =4.50(1.01-20.11)]. Nine stool samples were tested in laboratory, among which 8 were positive for Shigella(88.99%), and Shigella was detected in the end nodes of school s pipeline network, the water samples from canteen bucket, and the floor drains of sewer pipe.@*Conclusion@#The bacillary dysentery outbreaks in 3 schools was caused by Shigella, which may be due to fecal contamination of domestic water in 3 schools before the start of the school year. It is suggested to strengthen the management of centralized water supply and construction in rural areas, intensify the supervision at all levels, and sanitation and disinfection before school opens at all levels.